Potential carry - over of seeds from 11 common shrub and vine

نویسندگان

  • Michael G. Shelton
  • Michael D. Cain
چکیده

Many of the competitors of the regeneration of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taedu L. and Pinus echinata Mill., respectively) develop from seed disseminated on the site after reproduction cutting or from the seed bank. To evaluate the potential carry-over of the seeds from 11 shrub and vine competitors of these two important southern pines, we designed packets so that fruits could be deposited on the forest floor and subsequently extracted over a 3-year period. After extraction, repeated cycles of 60 days of germination testing followed by 60 days of stratification were conducted over a maximum of 42 months to determine the potential for seed carry-over and the germination characteristics of the species. Seeds of privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) showed no viability after the first winter of field storage, while seeds of rattan vine (Berchemiu scundens (Hill) K. Koch) and Japanese honeysuckle (Loniceru japonicu Thunb.) had low viability (l-3%) after the third year. In contrast, seeds of smooth sumac (Rhus &bra L.), devils-walkingstick (Arulia spinosu L.), pepper vine (Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne), and blackberry (Rubus argutus Link) were moderate in viability (7-19%) after the third year of field storage, while seeds of beautyberry (Cullicurpu americana L.), common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifoliu L:), and summer grape (Vitis aestivulis Michx.) showed a high viability (31-55%). Cumulative germination of seeds of deciduous holly (Ilex decidua Walt.) was greater after 3 years of field storage (8%) than after only 1 year (4%); for the first removal from field storage, no germination occurred until the ninth germination cycle. Results indicate that new seedlings of some species of shrubs and vines rely mostly on seeds dispersed shortly before or after disturbance, while seedlings of other species appear to develop from seeds that have been stored for long periods in the seed bank. Results of this study can be useful in developing ecologically sound strategies for controlling competing vegetation in forest stands of the southeastern United States. RCsumC : Plusieurs plantes qui entrent en competition avec la regeneration du pin a encens (Pinus tuedu L.) et du pin a courtes feuilles (Pinus echinatu Mill.) se developpent a partir de graines disseminees sur le site apres une coupe de regeneration ou a partir de la banque de graines. Aiin d’evaluer la persistance potentielle des graines de 11 arbustes et vignes qui entrent en competition avec ces deux pins importants du Sud, nous avons crCC des amoncellements de telle sorte que les fruits puissent se deposer sur le parterre forestier et &tre subsequemment extraits sur une periode de 3 ans. Apres extraction, des cycles rep&e’s de 60 jours d’essais de germination suivis de 60 jours de stratification ont CtC effect& sur un maximum de 42 mois pour determiner la persistance potentielle des graines et les caracteristiques germinatives de chaque espece. Les graines du troene commun (Ligustrum vulgure L.) n’etaient pas viables apres un premier hiver passe sur le terrain tandis que les graines du rotang (Berchemiu scandens (Hill) K. Koch) et du chevrefeuille du Japon (Loniceru juponica Thunb.) avaient une faible viabilite (l-3%) apres la troisieme annee. Par contre, ies graines du sumac glabre (Rhus glubru L.), de l’aralie Cpineuse (Arulia spinosu L.), de la vigne arborescente (Ampelopsis urboreu (L.) Koehne) et de la ronce Cpineuse (Rubus urgutus Link) Ctaient moderement viables (7-19%) apres la troisieme an&e sur le terrain tandis que les graines du callicarpe d’AmCrique (Cullicarpu americana L.), de la smilax a fleurs rondes (Smilux rotundijoliu L.) et de la vigne d’CtC (Vitis aestivulis Michx.) avaient une forte viabilite (3155%). La germination cumulative des graines de houx decidu (Ilex deciduu Walt.) Ctait meilleure aprbs 3 ans sur le terrain (8%) qu’apres 1 an (4%); avec la premiere extraction, il n’y a eu aucune germination avant le neuvibme cycle de germination. Les resultats indiquent que les nouveaux semis de certaines especes d’arbustes et de vignes comptent principalement sur les graines dispersees peu de temps avant ou apres une perturbation, tandis que les semis d’autres especes semblent se developper a partir de graines entreposees depuis longtemps dans la banque de graines. Les resultats de cette etude peuvent Ctre utiles pour mettre au point des strategies Ccologiquement valables pour controler la vegetation competitrice dans les peuplements forestiers du sud-est des fitats-Unis. [Traduit par la Redaction] I Received 16 May 2001. Accepted 1 November 2001. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at http://cjfr.nrc.ca on 16 February 2002. M.G. Shelton’ and M.D. Cain. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 35 16, Monticello, AR 71656-3516, U.S.A. I ‘Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Can. J. For. Res. 32: 412-419 (2002) DOI: 10.1 139/X01 -207

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تاریخ انتشار 2002